There is a major unmet need for evidence-based approached to cognitive performance optimization following TBI and other brain injuries. Relevant therapeutic domains include behavioral (e.g., sleep, diet, physical exercise, alcohol, caffeine), pharmacological (e.g., stimulants, nootropics), brain stimulation (e.g. transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial alternative current stimulation), brain training (e.g., occupational therapy, speech therapy, computer-based brain training), and management of medical comorbidities (e.g., sleep apnea, chronic pain, diabetes, hypothyroidism, anemia, vitamin deficiency). This session will provide an overview of the field, and focus in depth on a few key areas: sleep optimization, appropriate use of methylphenidate, arousal, and physical exercise.